As the economy tightens and investors look for new opportunities, the exchange-traded fund has become more and more popular. As an investment fund traded on stock exchanges that contains viable assets such as stocks, commodities, or bonds, ETFs, when used appropriately, are really an extension of the index mutual fund. What is enticing is that they offer investors a myriad of opportunities otherwise not available with traditional mutual funds.
Wikipedia explains how an exchange-traded fund functions and why it often makes sense for an investor. By owning an ETF, you get the diversification of an index fund as well as the ability to sell short, buy on margin and purchase as little as one share. The structures of the funds, however, are sometimes not examined fully, and they can be taxed quite differently from your everyday mutual funds. As result, the Tax Resolution Institute has noticed that there are specific taxation potholes with ETFs that need to be addressed before taking the leap. Luckily, the Wall Street Journal came to the rescue.
Laura Saunders and Jason Zweig of the Wall Street Journal outline some key questions to ask regarding such investments in What to Ask Before Buying. Keeping one step ahead of such investment imbroglios can save you some serious tax problems when it comes time to filing your tax returns later this year. Here are a few pertinent questions to ask in the beginning so you avoid an IRS tax crisis in the end:
1) When it comes to this kind of investment, are there tax potholes that I don’t know about?
And the Wall Street Journal’s answer is that there are many such quirks in the world of exchange-traded products. For example, there are several ETFs that focus on precious metals like SPDR Gold Trust and iShares Silver Trust. As you can see, they are designed as Trusts. An investors in such a trust can be caught off-guard when they find out their long-term gains are being taxed at 28% rather than 15%. That’s not fair! Why is the IRS doing that to me? Well, to put it simply, the metals are deemed “collectibles” by the IRS and subject to higher taxation rates. Sorry.
2) By investing in these complicated funds, will I really have to make multistate tax filings?
If you own a publicly traded partnership, you may have to file a tax return in more than one state. If income is generated in other states that is above a certain level, you will have to pay taxes in that state as well. For example, if you invest in one of those surprise oil fields in Southern California and they hit a gusher, you’ll have to pay California state taxes even if you live in Chicago, Illinois. In addition, even if the payout on that one particular investment is below a certain threshold, the total payout from your investments across the board may put you over the limit. Although you are not being taxed on those external investments, they can effect whether you are taxed on
3) Will I be surprised by the ‘cost basis’ of my investment when I sell it when I am doing my taxes next year?
When you sell such an investment that is taxable and needs to be fully examined, the overall gain or loss of the income source is measured from the purchase price, known as the “cost basis.
Tracking cost basis is difficult to say the least, especially when there are adjustments from different sources. An Exchange-traded fund can include multiple investment sources. When it comes to such investments, your tax professional better be clear about the return of capital and exactly how the dividends were reinvested. If mistakes are made, the innocent taxpayer can end up, either looking like a criminal or a fool. The Tax Resolution Institute have seen clients that have both overpaid such taxes to the extreme without knowing it or underpaid to the point where the IRS came after them for the delinquent tax debt.
What the Tax Resolution Institute advises you to do is to read the fine print and check out the entire menu before making a major investment. Yes, exchange-traded funds have manageable costs and are flexible. In fact, if handled properly, they can even be tax efficient. For example, mutual funds are required to pay out all dividends and capital gains annually. If your mutual fund portfolio has lost value, there remains a tax liability on the capital gains that are less than a shadow. ETFs typically do not have this problem, but, as we discussed, they have other questions that need to be addressed before buying. But make sure you have covered the bases before you write the check.









